E-mail Address Research Articles

Detection of Phishing Website using XG – Boost Algorithm

Phishing, a cybercriminal's attempted attack, is a social web-engineering attack in which valuable data or personal information might be stolen from either email addresses or websites. There are many methods available to detect phishing, but new ones are being introduced in an attempt to increase detection accuracy and decrease phishing websites success to steal information. Phishing is generally detected using Machine Learning methods with different kinds of algorithms. In this study, our aim is to use Machine Learning to detect phishing websites. We used the data from Kaggle consisting of 86 features and 11,430 total URLs, half of them are phishing and half of them are legitimate. We trained our data using Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, Multilayer Perceptrons, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, AdaBoost, and Gradient Boosting and reached the highest accuracy of 96.6using X G Boost

Know their Customers: An Empirical Study of Online Account Enumeration Attacks

Internet users possess accounts on dozens of online services where they are often identified by one of their e-mail addresses. They often use the same address on multiple services and for communicating with their contacts. In this paper, we investigate attacks that enable an adversary (e.g., company, friend) to determine (stealthily or not) whether an individual, identified by their e-mail address, has an account on certain services (i.e., an account enumeration attack ). Such attacks on account privacy have serious implications as information about one’s accounts can be used to (1) profile them and (2) improve the effectiveness of phishing. We take a multifaceted approach and study these attacks through a combination of experiments (63 services), surveys (318 respondents), and focus groups (13 participants). We demonstrate the high vulnerability of popular services (93.7%) and the concerns of users about their account privacy, as well as their increased susceptibility to phishing e-mails that impersonate services on which they have an account. We also provide findings on the challenges in implementing countermeasures for service providers and on users’ ideas for enhancing their account privacy. Finally, our interaction with national data protection authorities led to the inclusion of recommendations in their developers’ guide.

Nurse educators' knowledge and opinions about the "One Health" approach.

This study was conducted to reveal the knowledge and opinions of Turkish nurse educators about the One Health approach. One Health is a collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary approach working at local, regional, national, and global levels to achieve optimal health (and well-being) outcomes recognizing the interconnections between people, animals, plants, and their shared environment. Despite nurses' unique position to address inequities in health care for all people around the world, the concept of One Health is a relatively new concept in nursing. This is a cross-sectional descriptive study involving a total of 272 nurse educators from various universities in Turkey. The email addresses of nurse educators were obtained from university websites, and the questionnaire form (created using the survey tool Google Forms) was then sent to them. Open-ended questions underwent content analysis, while multiple-choice questions were analyzed in terms of numbers and percentages. Eighty-two percent of nurse educators had never heard of or encountered the One Health approach before. Ninety-six percent of nurse educators think that the One Health approach should be included in nursing education. Nurse educators asserted that nursing should be included as a discipline in the One Health approach due to its relationship with the environment, health prevention and promotion, and its close contact with society. The results of this study underscore the necessity of enhancing One Health knowledge among nursing educators. It is particularly significant that the majority of nurse educators had not previously encountered or been aware of the One Health approach, highlighting an important gap in awareness and understanding. Nursing, silent in the realm of One Health, should integrate this approach, which encompasses human, animal, and environmental health, into nursing education, research, and practice. It is time for action to incorporate One Health into both undergraduate and graduate nursing education programs, conducting research in this area, and fostering collaborations.

Audit Experiments of Racial Discrimination and the Importance of Symmetry in Exposure to Cues

Abstract Researchers are often interested in whether discrimination on the basis of racial cues persists above and beyond discrimination on the basis of nonracial attributes that decision makers—e.g., employers and legislators—infer from such cues. We show that existing audit experiments may be unable to parse these mechanisms because of an asymmetry in when decision makers are exposed to cues of race and additional signals intended to rule out discrimination due to other attributes. For example, email audit experiments typically cue race via the name in the email address, at which point legislators can choose to open the email, but cue other attributes in the body of the email, which decision makers can be exposed to only after opening the email. We derive the bias resulting from this asymmetry and then propose two distinct solutions for email audit experiments. The first exposes decision makers to all cues before the decision to open. The second crafts the email to ensure no discrimination in opening and then exposes decision makers to all cues in the body of the email after opening. This second solution works without measures of opening, but can be improved when researchers do measure opening, even if with error.

Burnout in ENT France: Update and risk factors; a STROBE analysis

BackgroundBurnout can significantly impact practitioners and their co-workers, and hence patients. There are no data for the prevalence of burnout in French ENT specialists, or for associated risk factors. Material and methodsA French national cross-sectional online survey was performed on the initiative of the ENT National Professional Council (CNPORL), contacting all ENT specialists whose e-mail address was known to the French Society of ENT, the National Professional Council or the National ENT Union. The 22-question Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was sent out, along with 16 extra questions on possible risk factors. ObjectivesThe study sought to assess the prevalence and severity of burnout, using the MBI, and to analyze risk factors. ResultsAmong the 1936 physicians, 406 contacted responded to the questionnaire (21%). Mean age was 47±14 years (range, 25–77 years); 53% male, 47% female. 196 (48%) reported burnout, including 20 (5%) severe burnout. Independent risk factors for burnout of whatever severity, comprised social interaction issues, history of identified burnout, and medicolegal pressures. Social interaction issues were independently associated with specifically severe burnout. ConclusionsBurnout affected almost half of respondents. There are identifiable risk factors, for which improvements could be implemented.

The Uncivil Sphere and Anarchist Movements: Problems of Status Quo Violence, Internationalist Militancy, and Anti-state Civil Society

Jeffrey C. Alexander’s civil sphere theory makes a significant contribution to understanding how people, especially social movements, relate to society’s various institutions. Radicalism challenges the long-term stability of the civil sphere and pushes it to be more open. While capitalism and the state are considered to be uncivil institutions, the civil sphere typically tolerates their existence and negotiates with them. But, what of radical, non-state and antiauthoritarian movements that seek the abolition of all hierarchies— can they join the existing civil sphere or replace it with their own vision? This paper uses three cases studies—the Haymarket Affair, the Spanish Revolution, and Seattle’s anti-World Trade Organization protests—to interrogate non-state, anti-authoritarian, and anarchist interpretations of civil society. These cases suggest compatibilities and divergences with civil sphere theory, complicating its interpretation of violence and militancy, civil order breaching, nonstate or extra-state scope, and internationalism. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

“Cinderella seems so easy”: Archetypal Characterisation in Bob Dylan and T.S. Eliot’s Wastelands

This article presents an intertextual study of T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land (1922) and Bob Dylan’s ‘Desolation Row’ (1965) – the original version in the album Highway 61 Revisited. Only a few scholars dedicated to the works of Bob Dylan have ‘Desolation Row’ being a vague rather than an explicit allusion to The Waste Land. This study will demonstrate how the themes and topics in both texts are not only similar, but how the piece by Dylan contains direct references to Eliot’s poem as well as to other literary and cultural phenomena which Eliot references in his Wasteland – “alluding to allusions”, therefore. All this will be illustrated through the nearly identical processes of archetypal characterisation led by the two authors and the rhetorical use of multiplicity of voice. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

Solitude and Exile in Roberto Bolaño

Profoundly original and deliberately shocking, innovative and puzzling at the same time, Roberto Bolaño (1953 – 2003) is now considered one of the most important Latin American writers of the 20th century. Born in Chile, he grew up in Mexico and then traveled across the South American continent, finally settling in Europe, in his steady attempt to establish his reputation of a poet and a novelist. His entire work represents a constant challenge to the literary critics, given the fact that he distinctively addressed some important universal issues (like human loneliness or the impossibility to establish an authentic connection and dialogue in the midst of an alienated society); but he is also famous for his particular way of meditating upon the often hidden meanings of exile in the contemporary world. His characters travel around the world as well as within themselves, in order to find their identity and to assert the truth of their own existence at the same time. [Article copies available for a fee from The Transformative Studies Institute. E-mail address: journal@transformativestudies.org Website: http://www.transformativestudies.org ©2024 by The Transformative Studies Institute. All rights reserved.]

RETRACTION: Novel computer‐aided lung cancer detection based on convolutional neural network‐based and feature‐based classifiers using metaheuristics

RETRACTION: Z. Guo, L. Xu, Y. Si, and N. Razmjooy, “Novel computer‐aided lung cancer detection based on convolutional neural network‐based and feature‐based classifiers using metaheuristics,” International Journal of Imaging Systems and Technology 31, no. 4 (2021): 1954–1969. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22608The above article, published online on 5 June 2021 in Wiley Online Library, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal's Editor in Chief, Mohamed Seghier, and Wiley Periodicals, LLC. Following the article's publication, the journal was contacted by co‐author Yujuan Si, who stated that she had not participated in any way in the work presented in the article or its preparation, and that the email address used to correspond with the journal in her name had been fabricated. In the following investigation, the authors stated that Yujuan Si's inclusion in the author list was due to her supervisory role over co‐author Lina Xu as a mentor for her PhD studies, and that authorship attribution occurred without Yujuan Si's knowledge nor consent due to inadequate communication among the co‐authors. However, the ownership of the email address attributed to Yujuan Si for journal correspondence (bio_sp@163.com) remains uncertain. The retraction has been agreed due to concerns about the fabricated email address and author impersonation, which calls all aspects of the work presented into question. Following the investigation's findings, the corresponding author Navid Razmjooy has agreed on the decision to retract the article on behalf of all authors.

YOUTUBE COMMENTS SCRAPING AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS

The Social Media Sentiment Analysis web application is a powerful tool designed for content creators on various social media platforms, including YouTube. This application provides an intuitive interface for extracting and analyzing comments from YouTube videos, enabling content creators to gain valuable insights into the sentiment expressed by their viewers. By entering the YouTube video URL and an email address, users can harness the capabilities of this application to gain a comprehensive understanding of how their audience perceives their content. Leveraging the YouTube Data API, the application efficiently retrieves comments from the specified video. The application generates three files: comprehensive comments, positive comments, and negative comments, which are sent via email as Excel files. An interactive HTML table showcases sentiment distribution. This user-friendly application empowers content creators to track and enhance audience engagement on social media platforms, such as YouTube, through data-driven decision-making. Key Words: Social Media Sentimet Analysis , web application ,Youtube , analyzing comments , sentiment expressed , positive comments , negative comments

Effects of a Web–Mail Mode on Response Rates and Responses to a Care Experience Survey: Results of a Randomized Experiment

Abstract Patient experience surveys are vital to evaluating healthcare provider performance. However, declining response rates over time and questions about whether responses reflect the perspectives of all patients under care have raised concerns. One proposed approach to address these concerns is web-based survey administration, a mode that has not been studied in the hospice setting. We tested a sequential web–mail mode for administering a care experience survey in this unique setting, where family caregivers respond after the patient dies. Sampled caregivers of 15,515 patients who died March–August 2021 while receiving care from 56 hospices across the US were randomized to one of four survey modes: mail-only, telephone-only, mail–telephone (mail with telephone follow-up), or web–mail (email invitation to a web survey with mail follow-up). Email addresses were available for 31.3 percent of sampled eligible caregivers. Relative to mail-only (estimated response rate = 35.1 percent), response rates were significantly higher for web–mail (39.7 percent) and mail–telephone (45.3 percent) and significantly lower for telephone-only (31.5 percent). The web–mail response rate was similar to the mail-only response rate among caregivers without email addresses (35.2 versus 34.3 percent), but substantially higher among caregivers with email addresses (49.6 versus 36.7 percent). Web–mail and mail-only respondents reported similar experiences for 26 of 27 evaluative items. Among eligible sampled caregivers, several patient/caregiver characteristics differed by caregivers’ email address availability, but web–mail and mail-only respondents did not differ on any characteristic. A web–mail mode is feasible for surveying bereaved caregivers about care experiences, producing substantially higher response rates than single-mode approaches, with increasing benefits for hospices with higher proportions of caregivers with email addresses. Findings may be applicable to surveys of other sensitive topics and to populations that prefer asynchronous survey modes.

Telemedicine and Neurology: A Survey of Neurology Patients in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital.

Background Telemedicine has been recognized as a viable solution for addressing the shortage of medical professionals in developing countries such as Nigeria. Tele-neurology has the potential to provide remote consultations and care for patients with neurological conditions, thereby reducing the burden of travel and improving access to medical care. Despite its growing popularity, there is a lack of research on patient's views on this mode of care delivery in Nigeria. This study was conducted to investigate patient's perspectives on the use of tele-neurology in Nigeria. Methodology A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 398 neurology patients at Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a chi-square test using p < 0.05. Results Only 3% of our respondents had previously used telemedicine, with 78.1% of the respondents open to using telemedicine as a means of consultation. The disadvantages of telemedicine noted include limitations in assessing neurological status (94.7%), difficulty in explaining health conditions (84.4%), and lack of technical support (14.6%). The majority of respondents (96.5%) believed telemedicine will help in saving time. There was a statistically significant association between propensity to use telemedicine and time spent in the hospital (0.045)and time off work (<0.001). The propensity to use telemedicine was statistically significant to the use of email (0.001) and type of email address (0.001). Conclusion The findings suggested that there is a need for healthcare providers and policymakers to invest in developing telemedicine to improve access to care.

Enhancing cybersecurity: A review and comparative analysis of convolutional neural network approaches for detecting URL-based phishing attacks

Phishing attempts to mimic the official websites of businesses, including banks, e-commerce, government offices, and financial institutions. Phishing websites aim to collect and retrieve sensitive data from users, including passwords, credit card numbers, email addresses, personal information, and so on. The growing frequency of phishing attacks has prompted the development of numerous anti-phishing technologies. Because machine learning (ML) techniques perform better in categorization problems, they are used extensively. But the most crucial features are not extracted by the algorithms in use today, which could result in a false categorization. In addition, the complex algorithms contribute to the long reaction time. To solve these issues, this study suggests using a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory-based Gated Highway Attention Block Convolutional Neural Network (BiLSTM-GHA-CNN) to detect phishing URLs.

Technical Report Column

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Text Messages to Facilitate the Transition to Web-First Sequential Mixed-Mode Designs in Longitudinal Surveys

Abstract This article is concerned with the transition of a longitudinal survey from a single-mode design to a web-first mixed-mode design and the role that text messages to sample members can play in smoothing that transition. We present the results of an experiment that investigates the effects of augmenting the contact strategy of letters and emails with text messages, inviting the sample members to complete a web questionnaire and reminding them of the invite. The experiment was conducted in a subsample of Understanding Society, a household panel survey in the United Kingdom, in the wave that transitioned from a CAPI-only design to a sequential design combining web and CATI. In the experiment, a quarter of the sample received letters and emails, while the rest received between one and three text messages with a personalized link to the questionnaire. We examine the effect of the text messages on response rates, both at the web phase of a sequential design and at the end of the fieldwork after a CATI follow-up phase, and explore various mechanisms that might drive the increase in response rates. We also look at the effects on the device used to complete the survey and field efforts needed at the CATI stage. The findings indicate that text messages did not help to significantly increase response rates overall, although some subgroups benefited from them, such as panel members who had not provided an email or postal address before. Likewise, the text messages increased web completion among younger panel members and those with an irregular response pattern. We only found a slight and nonsignificant effect on smartphone use and no effect on the web household response rate, a proxy for fieldwork efforts.

Safe Disposal of Unused Medicine among Health Professions Students at Makerere University: Knowledge, Practices and Barrier

Background: Environmental contamination with antimicrobial agents is one of the leading drivers of Anti-Microbial Resistance (AMR) worldwide. However, scarce data exists concerning the factors fuelling unsafe disposal of medicines globally. This study aimed to assess for the knowledge, practices, and barriers concerning safe disposal of unwanted medicines among Health Professions Students (HPS) at Makerere University, Uganda. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using an online assessment tool sent through WhatsApp groups and E-mail addresses of undergraduate HPS at the College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Uganda between 1st February and 16th March 2022. Good knowledge was defined as a score of 80% of the knowledge domain questions on a standardized questionnaire. Results: We enrolled 205 participants, 135 (65.9%) were male, with a median age of 23 (range: 19 -43) years. Overall, 157 (76%) participants had good Knowledge. The mean knowledge score was 63%. About half (n=102, 49.8%) of the participants had unused medicines kept at their respective residential places, mainly antibiotics (27%, x/102) and analgesics (21%, x/102). The most common method of medicine disposal was dumping into household garbage (n=103, 50.2%). Only 37 (18%) of participants had ever used the take-back method of medicine disposal. The most reported barriers for safe disposal were inadequate knowledge and insufficient advice from the dispensers concerning safe disposal practices. Year of study was the only factor significantly associated with knowledge about safe disposal of medicines, (adjusted Odds Ratio: 9.7, 95% CI 2.3 - 40.5, p= 0.002), with participants in higher academic years having more knowledge than those in lower years. Conclusion: Despite a good knowledge level among the participants, the practice of safe disposal of unused medicines remains suboptimal in this population. Strategies aimed at enhancing safe disposal practices such as giving proper instructions to medicine buyers by dispensers regarding disposal practices are recommended to abate the growing burden of AMR.

Methodological advances in patient-centered rare disease research: the UTHealth Houston Turner Syndrome Society of the United States research registry

BackgroundMany different clinical specialists provide care to patients with Turner syndrome (TS), who have highly variable clinical manifestations. Therefore, a national TS registry is essential to inform a cohesive approach to healthcare and research. In 2015, the Turner Syndrome Society of the United States (TSSUS) created the Turner Syndrome Research Registry (TSRR) to engage directly with community participants who voluntarily provide longitudinal data about their experiences with TS. TSRR projects are collaborative partnerships between people with TS, TSSUS, and researchers.ResultsTo ensure that registry workflows conform to the data privacy choices of participants, TSSUS collaborated with UTHealth Houston in 2021 to create a new version of the TSRR that completely separates participant health data (stored at UTHealth) and personal identifiers (maintained at TSSUS). We developed an innovative Visual Basic (VB) script that, when embedded into Microsoft Outlook, redirects REDCap surveys through TSSUS to participants by matching registry IDs to participant email addresses. Additionally, the utilization of REDCap allows for portability of data as it is an open source platform.ConclusionIn this report, we will highlight three recent changes that more closely align the TSRR with this mission: a unique and equal collaborative partnership between UTHealth and TSSUS, an open-source platform, REDCap, that ensures data portability and compatibility across institutions, and an innovative survey routing system that retains participant confidentiality without sacrificing REDCap survey distribution capabilities to connect researchers with thousands of participants.

Research biobank participants attitudes towards genetic exceptionalism and health record confidentiality.

Understanding attitudes towards genetic exceptionalism and confidentiality is important in guiding policies regarding special protections for genetic/genomic information stored in electronic health records (EHR). The goals of this study were to determine biobank participants' attitudes towards genetic exceptionalism and confidentiality and whether those attitudes are related to their preference for return of genetic results. An online questionnaire was distributed to patients with an EHR and email address who had previously enrolled in the BioMe Biobank program. Most participants responded with similar levels of concern in scenarios involving the use of genetic information and other types of health information, suggesting that participants want similar protections for genetic data as other types of sensitive health information, particularly mental health and family history records. Of the 829 respondents, the majority had genetic exceptionalist views when directly asked, even though their concerns about confidentiality were similar for their genetic information and other health information. There were no differences in genetic exceptionalist views between those who had a documented preference to have genetic results returned and those who did not. Notably, for many participants, their recall of preference did not align with their documented preference. The majority of biobank participants were most anxious about the loss of confidentiality for genetic, mental health, and family history information, indicating that certain types of health information are considered more "sensitive" than others. These findings suggest the importance of assuring people participating in biobank research that the confidentiality of their "sensitive" health information is secured.

34 A survey of the Oklahoma State University Cowculator user preferences

Abstract The Oklahoma State University Cowculator is a free, easy to use model designed to assist cattle producers in making informed decisions regarding the nutrition of their herd. The Cowculator operates as a spreadsheet-based model, which collects information from the 2016 National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine’s Nutrient Requirements for Beef Cattle, previous editions of the book, and previous research data. Producers have the option to adjust animal characteristics, feed and forage values, and diet composition to fit certain production objectives. In 2022, a Qualtrics survey was developed to determine perception of users of the program and their likes and dislikes. When users download the program, they are required to enter their name, email address, and zip code. A link to the survey was emailed to each address registered within the Cowculator database, with an email reminder sent out 30 days later. The survey yielded 233 responses. According to user download data, in 2022 the Cowculator was downloaded 2,090 times from 41 states and 53 countries. Based on email addresses ending in “.edu” the program was downloaded by faculty or students from 135 different universities, colleges, or other technical institutions. Of the respondents, 60% identified as beef cattle producers, 16% as industry professionals (e.g., consultants, veterinarians), 11% as extension personnel, 7% as research or teaching faculty, and 6% as students. Regarding the type of enterprise which the program was used for, 52% responded with cow/calf, 33% growing or stocker cattle, and 15% finishing cattle. The survey indicated that 88% of respondents were able to utilize the program effectively to evaluate or modify their nutrition program, while 16% indicated they were not successful in using the program. The survey asked respondents to give their opinion on the accuracy of the program. 69% indicated that it yielded “mostly accurate” projections, 23% responded with “very accurate”, and 5% perceived the program to be inaccurate or marginally accurate. Users of the program estimated the average annual benefit of the program to be $1,500. The respondents were asked to select what they liked about the program and what they felt needed improvement. It was indicated that the most liked features were that the program was free and that it was easy to use. The features that were indicated as needing improvement where the limited pre-added list of feedstuffs and the lack of availability of a simplified app version of the program. The results of this survey provide valuable insights regarding user demographics, as well as what can further be adjusted within the Cowculator to best fit the needs of the users.

Anti-Theft Flooring System using ESP32

The ESP32-powered anti-theft flooring system represents an innovative and cost-effective solution designed to enhance security across various settings, including homes, businesses, and diverse locations. At its core, the system comprises a network of strategically placed pressure sensors concealed beneath a flooring mat, seamlessly integrated with the ESP32 microcontroller featuring built-in Wi-Fi and a camera. When an object exceeding a predetermined weight threshold traverses the mat, the embedded sensors swiftly activate the ESP32, prompting it to capture a photograph of the event. This image is then promptly forwarded to a pre-configured email address, offering real-time visual insights into potential security breaches. Furthermore, the ESP32 can be programmatically configured to activate an audible alarm, providing an additional layer of security and acting as a powerful deterrent. The system’s design emphasizes user-friendliness, ease of installation, and adaptability to various environmental needs. Its customization options enable users to tailor the system to specific requirements, ensuring a seamless integration into any given space. Importantly, safety measures have been incorporated to prevent false alarms triggered by smaller entities, as the pressure sensors only respond to objects surpassing a predefined weight. Beyond its primary function of theft prevention, the ESP32 anti-theft flooring system unveils a realm of creative possibilities. Its applications extend to smart home automation, traffic monitoring, and even livestock tracking, showcasing the system’s versatility and adaptability in addressing diverse challenges. This multifaceted approach positions the ESP32 system not only as a robust security solution but also as a catalyst for innovation in various technological domains.